Newsletter XLII 2023

15. to 21. October

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Current news+ Background knowledge

The PDF file "Nuclear Power Accidents" contains a number of other incidents from various areas of the nuclear industry. Some of the incidents were never published through official channels, so this information could only be made available to the public in a roundabout way. The list of incidents in the PDF file is therefore not 100 % identical with "INES and the disturbances in nuclear facilities", but represents an addition...

1 October 1981 (INES 3 | NAMS 1,3) Nuclear factory Sellafield, GBR

3 October 1986 (Broken Arrow) nuclear submarine K-219, USSR

3 October 1952 (1st British atomic bomb test) Trimouille Island, GBR

5 October 1966 (INES 4) NPP Enrico Fermi 1, USA

7 October 1957 (INES 5 | NAMS 4,6) Nuclear factory Windscale/Sellafield, GBR

9 October 2006 (1st North Korean atomic bomb test) Punggye-ri, PRK

12 October 1969 (INES 4) Nuclear factory Sellafield, GBR

15 October 1958 (INES 4) Boris Kidrič Institute, Vinca, YU

17 October 1969 (INES 4) NPP Saint Laurent, FRA

19 October 1989 (INES 3) NPP Vandellòs-1, ESP

30 October 1961 (Tsar Bomb AN602) Novaya Zemlya, USSR

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We are looking for current information. If you can help, please send a message to: nuclear-world@reaktorpleite.de

 


21. October


 

Brazil | Land rightsAgricultural lobby

President Lula blocks law against indigenous land rights

With a veto, Brazil's President Lula has initially prevented indigenous territorial claims from being linked to a deadline in 1988. Indigenous representatives celebrate - agricultural and industrial lobbyists don't.

Brazilian President Lula da Silva used his veto to prevent a law that threatened to undermine the protection of the land rights of indigenous peoples. The draft law proposed making the date of promulgation of the current Brazilian constitution the deadline for determining which land claims of indigenous peoples would have to be taken into account. An indigenous people claiming a territory would therefore have to prove that they lived there before October 5, 1988 or had tried to claim the territory through legal means.

The Brazilian Supreme Court had already rejected the proposal in September, but the Senate still approved the request. Conservative senators, who are said to be close to the powerful Brazilian agricultural lobby, approved the bill with 43 votes in favor and 21 against. Lula had until Friday to use a presidential veto to block all or part of the law. He did this “last minute”...

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Israel | RevengeHolocaust

Israeli journalist Amira Hass: How can the world watch the Gaza carnage?

Famous Haaretz correspondent is shocked. She speaks of a brutalization plan. Why friends of hers in Gaza can't save themselves. Guest post.

Longtime Israeli journalist Amira Hass, Haaretz correspondent for the occupied Palestinian territories based in Ramallah, speaks about the Israeli bombing of the Gaza Strip. She usually stays in Ramallah in the West Bank.

At the moment she is in the USA. On Wednesday, she took part in a historic demonstration by Jewish peace groups in Washington DC, with thousands of participants.

Her latest article in Haaretz is headlined "Without water and electricity from Israel, people in Gaza face dehydration and illness." Hass is the only Israeli-Jewish journalist who has lived and reported in Gaza and the West Bank for 30 years.

[...] The Israeli government continues the political program of the extreme fascist, messianic, religious, right-wing settler party led by Bezalel Smotrich, who said back in 2017 that he had a plan for the Palestinians. They had three options, he told the Palestinians. The first is: you give in and accept that you will never have a state, you will never be free, you will never be able to realize your right to self-determination. You will then have to live as fifth or sixth class people in what will then be considered Israel.

I represent my parents, who survived the Holocaust

The second option for them is to emigrate, that's what it's called. So a transfer, an “expulsion with the consent of the displaced”.

And the third option is, if you don't comply, i.e. don't emigrate and resist, the Israeli army will know what to do with you. And that is exactly what is happening now in both the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. Israel is carrying out the plan, the political plan, of these extreme fascist settlers, the colonizing right wing...

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Transparency | Lobbyregister

More transparency: Bundestag is tightening up the lobby register

In the future, interest representatives will have to provide more information about their financing, possible backers and their goals. A “legislative footprint” is still missing.

With the votes of the traffic light coalition, the Bundestag passed a first amendment to the lobby register law on Friday night. The aim of the initiative is to increase transparency about stakeholders, as well as their funding, background and aspirations. The CDU/CSU and AfD factions voted against the plan, the Left abstained. The Conservatives particularly criticized the fact that the draft would lead to a “disproportionate amount of bureaucracy”.

Since 2022, interest representatives must register with the Bundestag or the federal government in the publicly accessible lobby register. In March there were 5762 entries. When the law comes into force at the beginning of 2024, all of these actors will have to specifically explain which laws or decisions their attempts to influence are aimed at...

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United States | UkraineEurope

Perfect Storm: Do we want to sacrifice the health of Western Europe for the sake of Ukraine?

The USA is risking the stability of its allies in Europe. Germany is at the center. What that would mean for everyone. Guest post.

The current direction of US policy risks sacrificing Western Europe for the sake of Ukraine, and US policymakers must recognize this risk.

If that were to happen, it would be one of the worst effects in the entire history of US strategy. Western and Central Europe, and not Ukraine, have been the area of ​​actual core U.S. interests on the European continent for more than a century.

Furthermore, paralyzing Western Europe and the European Union would destroy Ukraine's real chances for future democratic prosperity and stability, which depend primarily on relations with the EU, not the United States...

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Peace | UkraineEurope

Gerhard Schröder in an interview: This is how the peace negotiations between Ukraine and Russia failed

The former chancellor talks about Olaf Scholz's Israel policy, migrant anti-Semitism, Baerbock's morality and what a new peace plan for Ukraine could look like.

Gerhard Schröder and his wife Soyeon welcome Schröder-Kim to his house in downtown Hanover. The former chancellor is in a good mood, gives a tour of his office and explains what can be seen in the many photographs, who created the numerous works of art and entertains the guests with anecdotes about the history of their creation. But then the mood changes. The 79-year-old statesman is concerned about the situation in Israel and Ukraine.

[...] According to Ukraine, the Bucha massacres committed by the Russians led to the end of the negotiations.

Gerhard Schroeder: Nothing was known about Butscha during the talks with Umjerow on March 7th and 13th (2022). I think the Americans didn't want the compromise between Ukraine and Russia. The Americans believe they can keep the Russians down. Now it is the case that two actors, China and Russia, who are limited by the USA, are joining forces. Americans believe they are strong enough to keep both sides in check. In my humble opinion, this is a mistake. Just look at how torn the American side is now. Look at the chaos in Congress.

The Americans overestimated themselves?

Gerhard Schroeder: That's what I'm expecting.

Do you think your peace plan can be resumed?

Gerhard Schroeder: Yes. And the only ones who can initiate this are France and Germany.

But how can you trust the Russians? In January 2022 it was said that the Russians did not want a war with Ukraine. Then, when the Russians invaded Donbass, it was said that the Russians didn't want to go to Kiev. All of these promises have been broken. Why shouldn't we be afraid that the Russians will go further and further?

Gerhard Schroeder: We have no threat. This fear of the Russians coming is absurd. How are they supposed to defeat NATO, let alone occupy Western Europe?

They have almost come to Kiev.

Gerhard Schroeder: What do the Russians want? Status quo in Donbass and Crimea. Not more. I think it was a fatal mistake that Putin started the war. It is clear to me that Russia feels threatened. Look: Turkey is a NATO member. There are missiles that can reach Moscow directly. The USA wanted to bring NATO to Russia's western border, with Ukraine as a new member, for example. All of this felt like a threat to the Russians. There are also irrational points of view. I don't want to deny that. The Russians responded with a mix of both: fear and forward defense. That's why no one in Poland, the Baltics, and certainly not in Germany - all NATO members, by the way - has to believe they are in danger. The Russians wouldn't start a war with any NATO member...

 


20. October


 

Green power | Power to heat | Hydrogen

Traffic light parties want to reduce the curtailment of green electricity using an auction model

Berlin - The Bundestag factions of the SPD, Greens and FDP have quickly submitted an amendment with which a new regulation for dealing with regulated amounts of green electricity should be included in the planned amendment to the Energy Industry Act (EnWG).

The aim of the regulation is to use auctions to incentivize the use of otherwise regulated green electricity generation. Switchable loads such as power-to-heat systems or electrolyzers could then produce hydrogen or heat with these regeneratively generated amounts of electricity. In this way, other sectors could also benefit from the principle of “use instead of restricting”...

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AsylumMigration | Immigration

Arguing about migrants doesn't solve a single problem

While politics gets tangled up in populist migration debates, the real problems in Germany remain unsolved. And in the end even the AfD is happy.

There is currently an astonishing political consensus in Germany: all parties see the admission of refugees as a major problem. However, this focus on immigration will not solve any of the country's truly pressing problems, but will instead increase them. Attempting to copy AfD positions is likely to prove counterproductive and waste important time.

It has been known for several years that the CDU and FDP attach great importance to the issue of flight and migration. It should not be forgotten that the CDU bears the main responsibility for today's structures through 16 years as chancellor. What is surprising, however, is the sudden change of heart among the SPD and the Greens, many of whom have now jumped on the debate bandwagon.

[...] The challenge is not that too many people are coming to Germany, but rather that those arriving are well integrated into the labor market and society.

[...] Germany has every opportunity to successfully overcome these challenges. We must finally begin to see immigration not as a threat, but above all as an opportunity. Germany would do well to use this opportunity to address its huge demographic problem. A country cannot choose its people; this also applies to a large extent to migrants and especially refugees. Instead of complaining about the number, skin color, religion or qualifications of people, we need openness and pragmatism. Germany has the opportunity to make migration profitable for all sides and should therefore not get lost in populist debates that ultimately only help the AfD.

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Migration debate: The heated mood plays into the hands of the right

The federal government should limit migration, or better still prevent it: the right said it. And the so-called middle has now made something of it. Kathrin Gerlof can only shake her head in view of the stricter asylum laws in this country

In terms of content they are close to each other. The participants at the top meeting on migration policy in the Federal Chancellery last week never tired of emphasizing this. On November 6th, concrete decisions are to be made on how migration can be limited or rather prevented. In recent weeks, the language of the debate has degenerated to the core of the issue. Maybe that's a good thing, because it now offers a fairly clear translation service about what is actually meant and wanted.

[...] One of the worst words in this context is the “repatriation package”. This means that refugees are treated as general cargo and it is acted as if it is only a question of the right agreements, secure fences and financial incentives for countries at the EU's external borders whether the committee that arrives here can be gotten rid of. Refuse acceptance, return to sender.

The “repatriation package” sends people to the death zones; politicians call it an “essential step towards limiting irregular migration”. We determine what is irregular. People are also used to language when there is talk of a “bundle of measures” that provide for more consistent enforcement of the obligation to leave the country. Psychologically, it works. The “widely identified mood of the population” proves just how well. The right said it, the so-called center made something of it. The solidarity of one will be misery for the other.

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Why we prefer not to know some things

Selfish decisions are easier when we don't know the consequences for others

Willful ignorance: We don't want some information at all - be it a diagnosis of an illness or the climate consequences of our actions. Researchers have now elucidated the psychological mechanisms behind it. Accordingly, conscious ignorance is closely related to our egoism. Because if you don't know the consequences of your own decisions, you can act selfishly and still maintain a positive self-image. Chosen ignorance thus offers an opportunity to evade moral demands.

Whether it's the climate crisis, news of war or the environmentally harmful origins of our clothing: we don't always want to have all the information we could get. Even if the additional knowledge could be helpful for us, it sometimes represents a burden that we would rather avoid - for example if we find out about our risk of serious illnesses. Even when it comes to the consequences of our actions, ignorance can be the more pleasant choice...

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Greenland | Climate changeWarmingSea level

Research into tipping elements

Greenland ice sheet more stable than expected

Even if global warming is curbed later, the Greenland ice sheet could still be prevented from completely tipping over. However, this is not a real all-clear for sea level rise and certainly not for other climate impacts.

The prospects are, at least in the long term, really bleak: If the Greenland ice sheet melts completely, many of the megacities near the coast such as New York, London or Shanghai would become uninhabitable. A collapse of the Gulf Stream, Europe's "central heating system", which ensures the relatively mild climate on our continent, would also be possible.

But new research shows that the gigantic ice sheet is likely more resilient to global warming than previously thought. Even a – short-term – sharp rise in temperatures would then be tolerable. However, countermeasures would then have to be taken quickly.

[...] In fact, there are over a dozen tipping elements that can change on much shorter timescales or even tend to undergo abrupt, irreversible changes - for example, rainforests, wind and precipitation patterns, or ocean current systems.

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ZDFinfo - hellfire and hope

The Atomic Age: From Hiroshima to the Cuban Missile Crisis

The discovery of nuclear fission ushers in a new era. The question is: How will humanity use this new energy potential?

The Atomic Age: From the Arms Race to Chernobyl

The Cuban Missile Crisis brings the world to the brink of nuclear war. Those in power are realizing that the very existence of human civilization is at stake.

The atomic age: from disarmament to the search for a final repository

With the reunification of Germany, a turning point seems possible. Will the need for nuclear weapons collapse with the bipolar world order?

IMHO

In all three parts of the series, the military benefits of nuclear power are addressed, but not really brought to the point. It is about money and power. It is about several trillions of state money, of which the usual 10% fuels corruption in all states of the world. The military-industrial complex (MiC) is the largest and most powerful mafia structure in the world, and it is untouchable (too big to fail).

This giant pink elephant is always there, eating, grinning and being ignored.

The third part is mainly about the hope that everything will be all right. Climate, medicine, progress. A hefty helping of pro-nuclear propaganda, rehashing all the sweet lies of the nuclear industry that MiC has been feeding us for two generations.

No heat producing power plant can stop global warming. With the power of atoms, first cancer is created and then the appropriate drug. The chemical industry does the same with its pesticides and the arms industry with its weapons, first they are sold worldwide and then they are fought with the same means.

The dangers of radioactivity, the increasing low-level radiation in all areas of the environment, which will continue to accumulate over the course of the next few years until it is no longer low-level but highly dangerous for all life on this planet.

 


19. October


 

Wind energy | Solar energyCoal power generation

Over 100 billion kWh of wind power in 2023: Wind energy is the most important source of energy in Germany - decline in coal-fired power generation

Münster - Wind energy will be the most important energy source in the electricity sector in Germany in 2023. At the same time, the share of hard coal and lignite has fallen significantly since the beginning of the year, despite the phase-out of nuclear energy.

In Germany, the wind and solar energy market is developing very dynamically this year. From January to September 2023 alone, wind and solar systems with an output of around 13.000 MW went into operation (Jan - Sep 2022: around 7.520 MW). At the same time, renewable electricity generation is also increasing.

Coal-fired power generation is falling by over 30 percent

In Germany, wind energy is by far the most important energy source in the electricity sector in the current year 2023. Today (October 19.10.2023, 100) the 83 billion kWh wind power mark has already been exceeded this year. Of this, around 17 billion kWh comes from onshore wind energy and XNUMX billion kWh from offshore wind energy...

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Parteien | Leftgreen

How Boris Palmer feels about Wagenknecht's possible party

Sahra Wagenknecht and Boris Palmer in one party? A photo of the mayor of Tübingen with the left-wing politician recently fueled speculation. Now Wagenknecht's founding of a party seems to soon become a reality - but Palmer is not interested.

Sahra Wagenknecht and Boris Palmer – that would fit so well together for many people, a recent media headline was about the “political dream couple”, later it became an “alliance of outsiders”: a photo of the two that Palmer published on his Facebook page a month ago , has fueled speculation about a possible collaboration between the left-wing politician and the non-party mayor of Tübingen.

“Alliance Sahra Wagenknecht” is to be presented on Monday

Ultimately, the two are united by their partial alienation from their respective party, to which they remained loyal for years: On the one hand, Palmer, who resigned from the Green Party after a scandal at the end of April on the sidelines of a migration conference in Frankfurt. On the other, Wagenknecht, who is currently being expelled from the Left party. Both are particularly bothered by the respective parties' positions on migration policy. And both agree that there is a gap in the party system in Germany...

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Africa | RosatomBurkina Faso

Electricity for Africa - the new boom in nuclear power

Many African countries are flirting with nuclear energy - and some projects are already very concrete. They are intended to help meet the growing need for energy; But in sunny Africa there is also criticism of this.

Burkina Faso is one of the least electrified countries in the world. According to data from the International Energy-Nuclear Agency (IEA), only about twenty percent of the population has access to electricity. Electricity would be urgently needed and also central to economic development. The military government has now signed a declaration of intent that could provide more electricity in Burkina Faso in a few years: the Russian state-owned company Rosatom is to build a nuclear power plant.

Ibrahim Traoré has ruled the country since the military coup in autumn 2022 - at 35, Traoré is the youngest head of state in the world. He largely turned his back on the former colonial power France as a partner and instead turned to Vladimir Putin's Russia.

Solar energy should be the solution in Africa

For critics like Adrien Poussou, former Central African minister for national reconciliation, building the nuclear power plant is just Russian propaganda: "It is absurd that the African continent, which has sun, can have problems with energy and electricity," says the political analyst in a DW interview. Solar energy should be the solution, not an agreement to build a nuclear power plant...

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AgricultureBiodiversity | agrivoltaics

Triple profit is not enough for solar power from the field

Farming and generating solar power on the same area – the concept of agri-photovoltaics only knows winners. In fact, farmers and solar project developers usually shy away from it. It is questionable whether the traffic light's solar package will change this.

The number is really impressive: the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE) estimates that agricultural photovoltaics in Germany could achieve a peak output of up to 1,7 million megawatts. The researchers further calculate that only around four percent of the domestic agricultural area would be enough to cover Germany's current electricity needs with high-mounted "agri-PV".

[...] Recently, almost 20 companies in the industry, including major players such as Baywa Re, Enertrag and Eon Solar, presented a position paper for biodiversity-promoting agri-PV.

Bio-agri-PV should primarily take place on agricultural land that has been set aside or is about to be set aside. Compared to classic ground-mounted PV, wider green strips remain free between the rather low modules. In addition, there is better water retention, insect-friendly mowing and a waiver of chemical fertilizers and plant protection...

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Drinking water | droughtFlooding

Global water chaos: Alarming forecasts in view of global warming

Study shows: The earth's water balance is already seriously disrupted. The effects are fatal. What awaits us if action is not taken.

The world is becoming drier, at least as far as fresh water is concerned. In 2022, many areas were drier than normal, continuing a trend from 2021.

This emerges from a report on the state of global water resources published last week by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). “More than 60 percent of major water reservoirs experienced below or normal inflows, posing a challenge to water supply for all users in an increasingly volatile climate,” writes the WMO in its publication.

According to the United Nations, more than 3,6 billion people, or more than 45 percent of the world's population, lack adequate access to water for at least one month of the year. By 2050, this could affect as many as five billion people.

But while on the one hand there is too little water available, on the other hand extreme rainfall claims human lives and causes economic damage. "The water cycle is becoming unbalanced due to climate change and human activities," is how the WMO summarizes the problem...

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Was Westinghouse excluded from the contracting process for dismantling the SM-1A in Alaska because of suspected Corruption?

Contract to decommission a historic US reactor re-awarded

Aptim-Amentum Alaska Decommissioning (A3D) has been awarded a six-year, $95,5 million contract by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for the decommissioning and dismantling of the SM-1A reactor in Alaska. The contract had previously been awarded to Westinghouse, but A3D challenged that decision.

The SM-1A - a 20,2 MW (thermal) single-cycle pressurized water reactor - is located near Delta Junction on the Fort Greely Military Reservation in central Alaska, 225 miles northeast of Anchorage.

[...] Construction of the reactor, which ran on highly enriched uranium oxide fuel jacketed with stainless steel, began in 1958 and initial criticality was achieved in March 1962. After its final shutdown in 1972, the reactor was prepared for safe storage, also known as "Safstor".

[...] In August 2022, the US Army Corps of Engineers awarded a $103 million contract to Westinghouse Government Services (WGS) for decommissioning, dismantling and disposal work.

However, A3D protested this award to the US Government Accountability Office, claiming that the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) had incorrectly evaluated WGS's bid and also failed to engage in appropriate and equitable discussions with the company. In April, the US Government Accountability Office partially granted the protest. His decision stated:
"We recommend that the authority exclude WGS from further awarding and to award the contract to one of the remaining companies in the competition, if appropriate. Alternatively, we recommend that the agency reopen discussions between competitors, solicit and evaluate revised proposals, and make a new source selection decision."

A3D has now won the contract after lowering its bid from $133,5 million to $95,5 million...

Translation with https://www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

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INES Category 3 "Serious Incident" 19 October 1989 (INES 3) NPP Vandellòs-1, ESP

A fire at the Vandellòs nuclear power plant severely damaged the safety systems. Vandellòs 1 was then finally shut down. (Cost approx. US$931 million)

Nuclear Power Accidents
 

AtomkraftwerkePlag

Vandellos (Spain)

Originally, two reactors supplied electricity at the site. Vandellós-1 was a 500 MW gas-cooled, graphite-moderated reactor (GCR) with construction beginning on June 21, 1968 and commissioned on February 11, 1972. In 1990 it was switched off after a turbine fire that almost led to a meltdown...
 

Slowly but surely, all the relevant info on disruptions in the nuclear industry is coming out Wikipedia away!

Wikipedia

Nuclear Power Plant Vandellòs

On October 19, 1989, a serious accident occurred there, in which the block was damaged beyond repair. Repairing the plant would have been uneconomical, so on July 31, 1990 it was decided to shut down Unit 1...

 


18. October


 

European Union | Subsidiesnuclear power

Reform of the EU electricity market:

money for nuclear power

The EU energy ministers agree on reforming the electricity market. New state subsidies for French nuclear power plants are possible in the future.

BERLIN taz | In the dispute over the reform of the European electricity market, France has won an important point: in the future, EU member states will be allowed to subsidize existing nuclear power plants. The energy ministers of the European Union agreed on this on Tuesday evening. However, this will only be implemented if the EU Parliament agrees.

With the reform, the EU wants to promote the move away from fossil power generation and prevent extreme price fluctuations. To this end, all state subsidies for electricity production are to be replaced by so-called contracts for difference. With these contracts, the state guarantees producers a certain price that it sets itself.

If the market price is lower, the state pays the difference. If it is above that, the state receives the additional revenue. There was already agreement in the EU that these contracts should also be possible for new nuclear power plants. The controversial question was whether government subsidies should also be possible without limitation for existing nuclear power plants. France insists on this possibility because the country operates numerous nuclear power plants...

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Wagenknecht | Party formation

Sahra Wagenknecht founds her own party

The left-wing politician Sahra Wagenknecht has decided to found her own party. According to SPIEGEL information, she wants to go public with it on Monday.

Sahra Wagenknecht wants to found a new party. She will probably announce this at the federal press conference on Monday, several sources close to her confirmed to SPIEGEL. Wagenknecht's office declined to comment when asked.

Wagenknecht and her close supporters on the Left had discussed this step for several months, but had not made a final decision for a long time. The Bundestag member of the Die Linke party had publicly stated several times that she was considering founding a party.

At the press conference on Monday, it is said that Wagenknecht will first announce the founding of the association “BSW – For Reason and Justice e. V.” present publicly. “BSW” was recently set up in their immediate environment; the abbreviation is said to stand for “Alliance Sahra Wagenknecht”. A content document will also be presented, a kind of draft program. At the federal press conference, Wagenknecht will give a "clear outlook" on the founding of the party for which the association is supposed to serve, as it is said...

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Bavaria | RenewablesWind power

Renewable energy:

State foresters are planning to build 500 wind turbines in Bavaria

There are differences in the coalition when it comes to expanding wind power: CSU Forestry Minister Kaniber says that FW boss Aiwanger should be better informed and "not just bubbling something into the world".

The state forests want to have a total of 500 wind turbines built in their forests. There are 101 systems in operation so far, and site insurance contracts have already been concluded for around 150 wind turbines. CEO Martin Neumeyer reported this on Wednesday at the company's annual balance sheet in Munich. The target of 450 to 500 possible wind turbines goes back to a “potential report” that the state forestry department had drawn up two years ago. "That's why the number of 500 is the guideline for us through this report," said Neumeyer.

With an area of ​​over 8000 square kilometers, the state forests are the largest forest owners in Germany, and the state government has given the company an important role in the expansion of renewable energies. However, when it comes to wind turbine construction, there are differences of opinion between the current and future coalition partners in the CSU and Free Voters. FW party leader Hubert Aiwanger demands that new projects be financed and operated by citizens if possible...

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Energy transition | Solar energyStorage

Energy transition: Solar energy will soon dominate the global electricity mix

According to a study, measures that have already been implemented have meant that solar energy is already on its way to soon dominating electricity generation worldwide.

The global energy transition may have already passed a tipping point and solar power may be on its way to dominating the global energy mix by the middle of the century. A research group led by Femke Nijsse from the University of Exeter in Great Britain has determined this, but warns of possible obstacles. According to their analysis, solar power will account for more than 50 percent of electricity produced worldwide by mid-century, "even without further policy measures to support renewable energy." This is because electricity from photovoltaics is cheaper compared to the alternatives and supplies are becoming ever larger.

[...] The grid would have to be made resilient to take into account the daily dependency of this type of electricity generation. Otherwise, the lack of solar energy would have to be replaced at night by burning fossil fuels. If this does not happen, there is a risk that an energy mix dominated by solar energy will be forced into dependence on fossil fuels worldwide...

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China | United StatesPropaganda | Empire

Risky flight maneuvers

US publishes dozens of cases of coercion by Chinese fighter jets

Orbit and fly close: The Pentagon has published dozens of cases in which Chinese planes harass US fighter pilots. The increase in incidents in the past two years is therefore enormous.

Tensions between the USA and China have been rising for years. Now the Pentagon has released dozens of recordings showing US fighter jets being harassed by Chinese planes in international airspace. In total, there are said to have been more than 180 such incidents in the past two years alone - according to the Pentagon, more than in the entire previous decade combined.

US military officials say it is a worrying trend. The evasion flights were risky and aggressive, but in most cases not unsafe - i.e. not life-threatening...

IMHO

Just three questions so I don't misunderstand:

Did these dangerous encounters take place in international airspace in Asia or near U.S. airspace?
How many flights were performed by US fighter jets during this period (in the last 2 or 10 years)?
Will the US be willing to fight to the last Taiwanese?

 


17. October


 

Bulgaria Belene | WestinghouseKozloduy

Bulgaria cancels Belene nuclear power project

The Bulgarian government has canceled the decision to build the Belene NPP as a project of national importance and the procedure for selecting a strategic investor. "With today's decision, the government instructs the Minister of Energy to take measures to terminate the process announced by the National Electricity Company (NEK) for the selection of a strategic investor for the construction of the Belene Nuclear Power Plant and the applicants who have submitted corresponding offers, to notify," said a government statement.

[...] After the change of government in April, the new parliament in July authorized the energy minister to begin negotiations on the possible sale of the decommissioned Belene facilities, including two reactors, four steam generators and four circulation pumps, to Ukraine. The transaction is expected to cover costs incurred by Sofia to date amounting to BGN 1,2 billion ($644 million). Ukraine is considering using the equipment at its Khmelnitsky nuclear power plant.

Plans for a new reactor in Kozloduy have been in existence since last year, leading to a memorandum of understanding with the American company Westinghouse Electric about the possible construction of an AP1000 reactor. In June, the two companies agreed to study the potential of Bulgaria's industry and infrastructure at the Kozloduy site to support the AP1000 project.

Translation with https://www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

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Farmers | right-wing extremistsDisinformation | Pawn catcher

Conspiracy myths at farmer meetings:

Farmers flirt with right-wing radicals

Demagogues like ex-constitutional protector Maaßen rail against agricultural policy in front of farmers. They also received applause with slogans about gender and migration.

The fact that many farmers tend to be right-wing in terms of agricultural policy is nothing new: For example, they are against rules that oblige recipients of agricultural subsidies to do more environmental protection. But now well-known farmers have shown that they are also approaching right-wing radical ideas: at an event entitled “Farmers dead - everyone in need” in mid-September at an unknown location near Berlin.

They met under almost conspiratorial circumstances in a hall with bales of straw and pitchforks on stage. The exact location and the names of the organizers were not officially published, neither on the invitation nor in the video that those involved uploaded to YouTube...

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JülichAhaus | Interim storage | nuclear waste shipments

Castor alarm in NRW!

There is a threat of new nuclear waste shipments next year

288 balls the size of tennis balls are supposed to move. The problem: The balls are not as harmless as tennis balls. It is highly radioactive waste from the research reactor in Jülich, which was shut down in 161. There were always political disputes about the fuel balls. There is also disagreement on the question of what should happen to them now.

The basics: The permit for the storage facility at the former research reactor in Jülich has not been approved for 10 years. From the perspective of the Jülich nuclear waste disposal company, this is in order because none of the other options are possible so far. One option would be to ship them to the USA, where the balls come from. However, this was ruled out due to the high effort involved. The remaining options: either a new storage facility in Jülich or moving the nuclear waste to the Ahaus interim storage facility. The research center and waste disposal company in Jülich prefer the last option. It is said to be the cheapest and most efficient. You already pay an annual rent of one million euros in Ahaus and have made all the preparations for transport. The radioactive balls are packed in 152 castors and special trucks were made. From Jülich’s perspective, it can get started. This option is also preferred by the federal government because of the costs...

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Israel | War CrimesCriminal Court

New Nakba threatens: Spanish minister wants to bring Netanyahu to criminal court

From starving to bombing civilians: Does what applies to Putin apply to Netanyahu? Why former head of Human Rights Watch sees Gaza on the verge of ethnic cleansing.

Spain's Social Affairs Minister released a statement yesterday calling on her country's ruling coalition to ask the International Criminal Court to investigate war crimes against Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Ione Belarra cites the ongoing airstrikes on the Gaza Strip and the devastating blockade of the enclave, which is preventing the flow of humanitarian aid.

"Using the horrific murders of Israeli civilians by armed Palestinian groups as a pretext to justify Israel's crimes in general and the massacre in Gaza in particular is unacceptable," the leader of the Spanish left-wing party Podemos said in a video statement.

[...] "The United States and the European Union do not look away or remain neutral, but support the State of Israel in its apartheid and occupation policies, which constitute a serious violation of human rights," said Belarra. "Using Hamas as an excuse to murder thousands of Palestinian civilians, including children, is unspeakable hypocrisy on the part of both Israel and the countries that justify this policy."

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INES Category 4 "Accident" 17 October 1969 (INES 4) NPP Saint Laurent, FRA

 More than 50 kilograms of uranium fuel at the Saint-Laurent nuclear plant began to melt after the cooling systems failed. The plant had to be shut down and repaired. The repair of the reactor lasted a year. (Cost approx. US$541,4 million)

Nuclear Power Accidents
 

AtomkraftwerkePlag

Saint Laurent (France)

1969: Partial meltdown in reactor A-1

The first accident at reactor A-1 on October 17, 1969 was caused by human error and a technical failure. While loading four fuel chambers, the machine stopped several times, but the employee revoked the stops and continued loading. Due to overheating and an increase in radioactivity, an alarm was triggered and the emergency shutdown was initiated. Some fuel elements that had just been loaded melted. Since the cooling system was still functioning at a quarter of normal levels, there was no major catastrophe. Only small amounts of radioactivity escaped from the building. Cleaning the building took a year, after which the reactor was put back into operation.

The event was classified as an INES level 4 accident...
 

Wikipedia

Saint Laurent Nuclear Power Plant

On October 17, 1969, the reactor core was damaged during loading of the graphite reactor A1. The cooling of a fuel element was interrupted, which then melted. 50 kg of uranium escaped. Only the site was contaminated; the population was not informed. In 1969 this level 4 accident on the INES scale was declared an 'incident' by the EdF...

 


16. October


 

Italy | Earthquake | Vulkan

Extreme smell of sulfur in the air, sea retreating - Italy's super volcano is shaking again

The super volcano near Naples remained quiet for a few days. But again he shakes up the port city of Pozzuoli. Residents smell sulfur.

Pozzuoli - For almost a week, the super volcano of the Phlegraean Fields had lulled the residents of the port city of Pozzuoli and the neighboring communities to the west of Naples (Italy) into a false sense of security: the number of earthquakes fell drastically from over 140 per day to single-digit values, and this Tremors were so weak that hardly anyone noticed them.

[...] There is now more rumbling underground again; on Monday (October 9th) twelve tremors were counted within 24 hours, three of them above the threshold of 1 on the Richter scale.

[...] Since July 2005 the ground has risen 1,15 meters from the sea. The reason is the magma chamber under the supervolcano, in which the pressure has increased...

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Women | PFAS | Cancers

Cancer risk: Women should be particularly careful with PFAS

Phenols, which are found in everyday objects, also significantly increase the risk of certain cancers for women.

Breast and prostate cancer are the most common cancers, but the causes of their development are still partly unclear. Hereditary stress, lifestyle, environmental factors and social circumstances play a role, but that doesn't explain everything.

A team of researchers from the USA has now found a clear connection between the chemical exposure of affected women and some types of cancer in the development of which hormones play a role.

Women with higher levels of PFAS are more likely to have skin cancer

Women who are contaminated with certain per- and polyfluorinated alkyl compounds (PFAS) and certain phenols are more likely to develop breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, thyroid cancer and skin cancer. There is no such connection for men...

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Climate change | ecosystem | Antarctica

Can Antarctica still be saved? Researchers are looking for solutions

Antarctica's sea ice is melting dramatically, a recent long-term study shows. Not only emperor penguins and whales are in danger, but the entire planet. The Antarctic Commission is supposed to find solutions - but has been at a dead end for years

[...] The breakthrough has so far failed because of Russia and China

One of the main issues is once again the designation of three major Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in East Antarctica, the Weddell Sea and the waters of the Antarctic Peninsula. Because of resistance from Russia and China, a breakthrough has always failed - most recently in June at a special CCAMLR meeting on the topic in Santiago de Chile. All CCAMLR decisions must be made unanimously by the 27 member states, including Germany.

[...] Stricter requirements for krill fishing are also on the agenda. The tiny crustaceans are caught en masse to make oil and fish feed - but they are extremely important for the fragile Antarctic ecosystem with animals such as whales and penguins. “In connection with the climate crisis, krill fishing is causing the entire Antarctic ecosystem to falter and with it the climate stability of our planet,” emphasized Sascha Müller-Kraenner, Federal Managing Director of German Environmental Aid (DUH).

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United States | Propaganda | Empire

The US empire is not passive and innocent

The stupidest thing the Empire wants us to believe is that it is defending itself while organizing attacks.

Caitlin Johnstone has a »Small first aid booklet against propaganda" released. It helps to be armed against the nonsense of our time.

The stupidest thing the centralized US empire would have us believe is that the military encirclement of its two biggest geopolitical rivals is a defensive measure and not an act of extreme aggression.

The manipulators who rule over us demand that we believe a lot of really nonsensical stories, but I think this one might take the cake. The idea that the US military encirclement of Russia and China is an act of defense rather than aggression is so patently idiotic that anyone who thinks about it critically enough must immediately dismiss it as complete nonsense. Nevertheless, it is the mainstream narrative in the Western world, and millions of people accept it as true. Because that is the power of US propaganda

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Spain | drought | Climate policy

Drought in Spain

The uncanny determination to keep going

Green golf courses, year-round oranges and a lack of rain: the dangers of “capitalist climate policy” can be studied in Spain.

Members of the prestigious Sant Cugat golf club in the hinterland of Barcelona were outraged to find damaged flags and holes on their beloved course. The provocative direct action was carried out by Arran, a left-wing youth organization.

With their sabotage coup in Sant Cugat, the Catalan group protested against the waste of water on "luxury goods of the bourgeoisie." Recently, Arran members carried placards through the streets reading "Water for life, not golf".

Water use is a burning issue in Spain. The country is facing an unprecedented drought, which has been made worse by recent heatwaves. There is a risk of widespread crop failures.

For months, the Spanish authorities have been trying to find a way out of the crisis using legislation. The water crisis is due to the lack of rain, but is exacerbated by the agricultural industry. According to a Greenpeace report, the country's water consumption significantly exceeds the amount that can be sustainably supplied.

[...] Or as Rafael Seiz, coordinator of the WWF water program, puts it: "Instead of feeding the people of the Horn of Africa through irrigation, we provide a few with oranges all year round."

As humanity heads toward ecological collapse, we need better political answers than capitalist climate policies. As Andreas Malm notes, capitalistically organized states are structurally unable to adequately deal with information such as that about the climate.

Furthermore, they have an almost uncanny determination to stick to business as usual at all costs. However, adequately dealing with the climate crisis would require addressing and ultimately eliminating these structural inadequacies...

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NATO | maneuver

“Steadfast Noon”: NATO starts exercise with nuclear weapons

NATO begins its annual exercises to defend the alliance's territory today. The handling of nuclear weapons is also practiced. "Steadfast Noon" is not intended to be a reaction to the Russian war of aggression - but it does contain a message to the Kremlin.

The exercise "Steadfast Noon" is not new, it is held once a year, always in October. And this year too, it should not be understood as a reaction to the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine, as NATO emphasizes. Sharp weapons will not be used in the maneuver, but rather it is a routine training measure that will be held at least 1.000 kilometers from the Russian borders, it is said...

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RussiaAfricaRosatom | Memorandum of Understanding

Rosatom expands cooperation in West Africa

The Russian state nuclear company Rosatom has signed a memorandum of understanding with Burkina Faso and another with Mali on cooperation in the field of using nuclear energy for peaceful purposes.

The agreements were signed on October 13 in Moscow on the sidelines of the 6th Russian Energy Weekly Forum.

An MoU on cooperation was signed between Rosatom and the Ministry of Energy, Mines and Quarries of Burkina Faso. The signing was carried out by Rosatom Deputy General Director Nikolay Spassky and Minister of Energy, Mines and Quarries Simon-Pierre Bussim.

Rosatom described the memorandum of understanding as "the first document in the field of peaceful use of nuclear energy between Russia and Burkina Faso." The MoU creates the basis for cooperation in a variety of areas, including approaches to nuclear power generation, non-energy applications of nuclear energy in industry, agriculture and medicine, the development of Burkina Faso's nuclear infrastructure and raising public awareness of nuclear technologies .

Spassky also signed a memorandum of understanding with Bintou Camara, Minister of Energy and Water Resources of Mali...

Translation with https://www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

 


15. October


 

Nuclear wasteTransport | JülichAhaus

250 people protest between Jülich and Ahaus

There were protests today in several places between Jülich and Ahaus against the threat of nuclear waste transport along the possible motorway transport routes through North Rhine-Westphalia. Around 200 people took part in the rally in Ahaus, and around 50 people took part in the vigils in Jülich, Düsseldorf and Duisburg. In Düsseldorf and Duisburg, the vigils took place near possible transport routes via the motorway. There was also a solidarity protest north of Ahaus on the A31 in Lingen.

At the protest rally in Ahaus, severe criticism was leveled at the Research Center Jülich (FZJ): Starting next year, the FZJ wants to move the approximately 152 spherical fuel elements from its decommissioned AVR test reactor to the Ahaus interim storage facility with a total of 300.000 road transports. The construction of a new warehouse in Jülich itself, which meets current safety requirements, has been boycotted by the FZJ and its waste disposal company JEN for 10 years. “This irresponsible behavior cannot be accepted by a scientific institution. The Jülich fuel elements must be properly declared and conditioned before later disposal. The procedure for this still needs to be developed and the FZJ is responsible for this. In Ahaus this cannot happen for technical and legal reasons...

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Russia | Ukraine | United States | NATO

NATO and Russia: “The Ukraine war is a war for NATO expansion”

Jens Stoltenberg recently admitted a significant reason for the war. US scientists were vilified for the same theory. What the debate teaches us.

Jeffrey D. Sachs - US economist and professor at New York's Columbia University - has served as an advisor to several UN Secretaries General and is an advocate for the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, which are to be implemented by 2030 and are also among them the goal of peaceful social development is part of it.

Sachs went public with clear-sighted analyzes of the Ukraine war and clear words for a negotiated solution. He believes that the Ukraine war is a proxy war that was provoked over many years by the US government in order to maintain its global hegemony. That is why it must be ended by the current US government.

The biggest provocations were the violent overthrow of the democratically elected, Russia-friendly Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych, supported by the USA in 2014, and the US plan to admit Ukraine into NATO...

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Afghanistan. | Earthquake

Again region around Herat

Another severe earthquake shakes Afghanistan

Just a week after several earthquakes with over 1000 deaths, the people of the Herat region are being hit by new tremors. This time too, major damage is to be expected.

Western Afghanistan has once again been shaken by a severe earthquake within just a few days. According to the US Earthquake Observatory USGS, the morning quake had a magnitude of 6,3 and occurred around 30 kilometers northwest of the city of Herat at a depth of six kilometers. Just a few minutes later, a second earthquake of magnitude 5,5 followed. According to a spokesman for the provincial governor, one person was killed. At least 35 injured people were taken to hospital...

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Great Britain | Miningrare earth

Cornwall's mining industry is making a comeback

Critical minerals are now more in demand than ever. Of all places, there are large deposits in the tranquil Rosamunde Pilcher country of Cornwall. The British government is also interested in reviving the mines.

Richard Williams examines an old mine shaft 50 meters underground. He wants to find out how much tin is in the rock. Tin was mined at the South Crofty mine in Cornwall for more than four hundred years. The mine was the heart of the local economy. But it was over at the end of the 1990s because production was no longer financially worthwhile. Managing director Williams now wants to revive the mine. It would be the only active tin mine in Europe.

South Crofty is not an isolated case. Cornwall's mining industry, forgotten decades ago, is relevant again today. Whether in the production of solar panels and electric car batteries or the construction of geothermal power plants: so-called critical minerals and rare earths are needed everywhere. Cornwall's geology is rich in such raw materials...

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INES Category 4 "Accident"15 October 1958 (INES 4) Boris Kidrič Institute, Vinca, YU

6 workers were exposed to a high dose of radiation, one of whom died a few days later. (Costs ?)

Nuclear Power Accidents
 

NTI - Nuclear Threat Initiative

https://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/former-yugoslavia-nuclear/

Yugoslavia worked with Norway in the field of plutonium reprocessing, set up a department for the reprocessing of spent fuel elements in Vinca, signed a cooperation agreement with the Soviet Union in 1956 for the 6,5 MW research reactor RA (heavy water reactor with moderation and cooling) and built the RB, a critical arrangement with heavy water natural uranium at zero output. Described by Vinca officials as "essentially a reactor for producing plutonium," the RA reactor was fundamental to Tito's weapons research.

In the early 1960s, as the nuclear research program gained momentum, Tito reportedly scaled back the weapons aspect of the program. In 1958, a criticality accident at the Vinca heavy water RB reactor killed one person and caused five others to suffer radiation poisoning...

Translation with https://www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

 


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Fascism | populismDemocracy in the stranglehold of the horror clowns

For a new concept of fascism

Why we shouldn't just talk about right-wing populism when it comes to Putin, Orbán and Co

The ongoing scandal of Russia's "anti-fascist" defensive war to "denazify" Ukraine appears to have left Western observers in a state of shock. While the political coalition against Russian aggression has so far been surprisingly stable and capable of acting, there has been hardly any terminological resistance since then. It was foreseeable long before February 24, 2022 that the global map of political ideas and movements would have to be remeasured, and not just because of the cynical assertion of “anti-fascist” goals of an imperialist Russian policy, which Moscow is particularly concerned with its own population exploited for historical and political purposes. Far beyond the current events in Eastern Europe, a look at a long series of international political movements, parties and regimes - from Hungary and Belarus to Brazil and Turkey to the Philippines and India, but also in established democracies such as the USA, France, Italy, Austria and the Scandinavian countries – a clear deficit in the conceptual tools. “Right-wing”, “right-wing populist”, “right-wing extremist”, “national-authoritarian” – all of these titles and their variations, especially in the word family around “populism”, are used again and again to describe very heterogeneous, but essentially structurally related, political phenomena mark. But not only since Putin's military aggression has a feeling of inadequacy remained.

Political science had made a real effort and devoted a wealth of literature to the new populism. All in all, this seemed to most people to be relatively mysterious and coherently described, for example in Jan-Werner Müller's essay “What is Populism?” from 2016, and the terminology shelf was tidy. If there hadn't been this unease left: Orbán, Trump and Bolsonaro, Erdogan, Putin and Modi - they are all certainly populists, but isn't there more in common with these figures than that? And aren't there obvious affinities with historical figures like Mussolini, Horthy or Franco?

What is striking is that one term is hardly mentioned at all: fascism. The fact that none of the larger political “isms” (including communism) is as thoroughly disavowed as fascism can be understood as the result of the world-historical defeat of German National Socialism, which, as the most extreme and destructive variant of European fascism, took with it all of its other political affinities in 1945 torn into the abyss. Since then, many have considered the case to be historically closed; neo-fascist movements have been symbolically and politically kept at the threshold of relevance by the consensus of Western democracies. But that changed at the latest with the end of Soviet communism and the new, one might say, global flowering of right-wing nationalist movements, which, however, continued to avoid appearing under their historical banner. Political successes of the nationalist right, as recently observed in Italy, obviously require a permanent distancing from the historically overly charged label of “fascism”. Interestingly, political journalism and science follow the organizations operating in this camouflage strategy and avoid the contaminated term, which appears meaningless or historically used up due to its extensive history of use.

In the German context, in which the negligent equation of fascism and National Socialism as well as the polemical and careless use of the terms fascism and neo-fascism have been particularly popular on the left since 1968, this reticence is not difficult to understand. In this country, no one in the spectrum of thoughtful people wants to bring out the “fascist club” lightly. In political terminology, “Fa” means fascism can only be heard as a shameful abbreviation in the autonomous Antifa.

[...]

The carousel of fascist projection

The experience of colonial subjugation and loss of sovereignty can possibly also be understood as a cause of the new fascisms in the older western and younger eastern democracies of the Global North. The recent crisis experiences in these countries can also be understood as colonial processes. The complete adoption of the neoliberal economic and social model in Central and Eastern Europe, described by Ivan Krastev and Stephen Holmes as a half-voluntary, half-involuntary “imitation”, can easily be described as colonization (the authors speak of “imitation as expropriation”) and has in These countries undoubtedly provided the mentalitarian raw material for anti-democratic and fascist beliefs and movements.[20] And the sounds from the US Rust Belt, from the aggressive Brexiteer camp, the strongholds of the Rassemblement National in the French and the AfD in the Saxon provinces sound identical: re-establishment (!) of the loss of cultural hegemony and the machinations of dark ones Powers (“Deep State”, “Brussels” and other depraved cosmopolitan elites) lost sovereignty.

Welcome to the merry-go-round of fascist projection: Ukraine must be invaded to prevent it from joining NATO - because if it did that, it would no longer be so easy to invade! Imperial aggression is passed off as an anti-imperialist measure, fascist land-grabbing policy as “denazification”, and anyone who opposes this within the country must be a terrorist. The fact that states like Turkey or Russia with an explicitly colonial past and present are trying to present their aggressive territorial policies as a contribution to a new, decolonized world order is a particularly delicate footnote. You have to assume that whoever speaks like that really thinks that way. And the future suggests that the sources of such stupidity will not dry up, but will increase.

Without freedom, fairness and education, fascism remains a companion and permanent threat to political modernity. And there are too many parallels between today's events and those in Europe a hundred years ago to afford to forego a strong, renewed concept of fascism. Surprised by the return of war in Europe, democrats around the world must urgently adapt to the new relevance of fascism.

 


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Background knowledge

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The map of the nuclear world

The arms industry is increasing production and profits, but can still barely meet demand.

The internal search for

Fascism | populismDemocracy in the stranglehold of the horror clowns

brought the following results, among others:

September 24, 2023 - “Populist, verbally radical, ethnic” – and no end in sight

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May 27, 2023 - Please, strengthen the AfD

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October 16, 2022 - The "Friends of MIK" in AFD, CDU/CSU and FDP are ready to fight for the nuclear industry until democracy is over.

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Those who speak the truth will be accused of lying and insulted by the horror clowns.

 


YouTube

Fascism Populist

https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Faschismus+Populismus
 

explainity - October 5, 2022 - 3:11

Fascism simply explained

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alpha Learning - July 14, 2021 - 2:11

What is populism?

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Erich Fromm - May 6, 2020 - 33:02

Psychoanalysis of fascism. About fascism and authoritarian character

 

Will open in a new window! - YouTube channel "Reactor failure" playlist - radioactivity worldwide ... - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJI6AtdHGth3FZbWsyyMMoIw-mT1Psuc5Playlist - radioactivity worldwide ...

This playlist contains over 150 videos on the topic

 


The search engine Ecosia is planting trees!

Fascism populism

https://www.ecosia.org/search?q=Faschismus Populismus
 

Wikipedia

Fascism

Fascism (from the Italian fascio “bund”) was initially the self-name of the Partito Nazionale Fascista (German: National Fascist Party or National Fascist Party), a political movement that was dominant in Italy from 1922 to 1943/45 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini political power and established a dictatorial system of government, Italian Fascism.

From the 1920s onwards, the term was used for all ultranationalist, anti-liberal and anti-Marxist movements, ideologies or systems of rule organized according to the leader principle that had sought to replace parliamentary democracies since the First World War. The generalization of the concept of fascism from a temporally and nationally limited personal name to a generic name for a specific type of rule is controversial, especially for the German Nazi state. The theory of fascism deals with the description and explanation of fascism.

In the narrower sense, neofascism refers to the political movement in Italy supported by supporters of fascism after Mussolini's overthrow (Movimento Sociale Italiano, 1946–1995). In a broader sense, movements and parties of the extreme New Right that exist in other countries are also referred to as these, which are committed to the leader principle, to ethnic or racially based elitism, and which cultivate excessive nationalism, militant anti-communism and a latent willingness to use violence. In the Federal Republic of Germany this applies to the neo-Nazis...

 

populism

Social scientists assign several attributes to the term populism (from the Latin populus 'people'). What is characteristic is a choice of topics and rhetoric that is linked to political intentions and is aimed at popular sentiment. On the one hand, it is about creating certain moods, and on the other hand, it is about exploiting and reinforcing existing moods for one's own political purposes. Populism often manifests itself in a specific political style and serves as a strategy for acquiring power. It has recently appeared more frequently in research as a component of individual ideologies...

 


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Newsletter XLI 2023 - October 8th to 14nd

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