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INES and the disturbances in nuclear facilities
2010 – 2019
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INES, Who the f... is INES?
The International Scale of Nuclear and Radiological Events (INES) is a tool to educate the public about the safety implications of nuclear and radiological events, but INES has a problem...
We are always looking for up-to-date information. Anyone who can help, please send a message to:
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2019-2010 | 2009-2000 | 1999-1990 | 1989-1980 | 1979-1970 | 1969-1960 | 1959-1950 | 1949-1940 | Before
2017
September 3, 2017 (North Korea's 6th nuclear test) Punggye-ri, PRK
Wikipedia de
North Korean nuclear weapons program
Japan's Foreign Minister Tarō Kōno and South Korean media announced on September 3, 2017 that North Korea had carried out another nuclear weapon test. This was indicated by measurements from various earthquake monitoring stations, which registered two tremors. The American USGS gave the strengths as 6,3 and 4,6. The first shock came from an explosion, the second, about 8 minutes later, from a collapse.
A few hours after these reports, North Korean state media announced that the country had tested a hydrogen bomb.
While the explosive power of the last tests from 2013 to 2016 was in the range of 10 to 25 kilotons of TNT equivalent, the explosive power of the explosion on September 3, 2017 is, according to initial estimates, in the range of a few hundred kilotons of TNT equivalent...
This was the last of all 2056 nuclear weapons tests worldwide ...
As a consequence of this nuclear weapons test, the UN Security Council decided to further tighten sanctions against North Korea. On May 22, 2018, North Korea closed its nuclear test site at Punggye-ri...
Punggye-ri (Proving Grounds)
List of nuclear weapons tests
Atomwaffen A - Z
North Korea
... To date, North Korea has carried out six nuclear tests: in 2006, 2009, 2013, twice in 2016 and most recently in September 2017. North Korea claimed on January 6, 2016 that the country had successfully tested a hydrogen bomb for the first time...
Punggye-ri
Nuclear test site, North Korea
All of North Korea's six previous nuclear tests (2006-2017) were conducted at the Punggye-ri nuclear test site (also known as Hwaderi). The facility is located in the mountains north of Hamgyeong Province in the northeast of the country under Mount Mantap. At the end of April 2018, North Korea decommissioned the nuclear test site and detonated significant parts in front of gathered press on May 24, 2018, following a summit agreement with South Korean President Moon Jae-in to promote peace between the two parts of Korea...
2016
September 9, 2016 (North Korea's 5th nuclear weapons test) Punggye-ri, PRK
Wikipedia de
North Korean nuclear weapons program
On September 09, 2016, at around 2:30 a.m. CET, earthquake monitors in South Korea, China, the USA and Europe registered a magnitude 5,3 earthquake in North Korea. A few hours later, North Korea announced the successful test of a nuclear bomb...
Punggye-ri (Proving Grounds)
List of nuclear weapons tests
Atomwaffen A - Z
North Korea
...To date, North Korea has conducted six nuclear tests: in 2006, 2009, 2013, twice in 2016 and most recently in September 2017. North Korea claimed on January 6, 2016 that the country had successfully tested a hydrogen bomb for the first time...
Punggye-ri
Nuclear test site, North Korea
All of North Korea's six previous nuclear tests (2006-2017) were conducted at the Punggye-ri nuclear test site (also known as Hwaderi). The facility is located in the mountains north of Hamgyeong Province in the northeast of the country under Mount Mantap. At the end of April 2018, North Korea decommissioned the nuclear test site and detonated significant parts in front of gathered press on May 24, 2018, following a summit agreement with South Korean President Moon Jae-in to promote peace between the two parts of Korea...
January 6, 2016 - (North Korea's 4th nuclear test) Punggye-ri, PRK
Wikipedia de
North Korean nuclear weapons program
On January 6, 2016, the government of North Korea announced that a successful test of a hydrogen bomb had been carried out for the first time. Seismic signals indicating a nuclear weapon explosion have been measured by Chinese and US earthquake monitors near the Punggye Ri nuclear weapons test site. However, the level of seismic activity expected from a hydrogen bomb does not match the measured values, since the explosive power of a hydrogen bomb is normally many times higher than that of a fission bomb. Rather, experts assume it is a fission bomb boosted using hydrogen. The People's Republic of China, which has often supported North Korean positions in the past, condemned the test in clear terms. At the request of the USA and Japan, the United Nations Security Council then convened an emergency meeting. On January 10, 2016, a U.S. B-52 bomber flew over South Korea, which was seen internationally as a reaffirmation of the U.S.-South Korean military alliance and a warning to North Korea not to escalate the situation too much...
Punggye-ri (Proving Grounds)
List of nuclear weapons tests
Atomwaffen A - Z
North Korea
...To date, North Korea has conducted six nuclear tests: in 2006, 2009, 2013, twice in 2016 and most recently in September 2017. North Korea claimed on January 6, 2016 that the country had successfully tested a hydrogen bomb for the first time...
Punggye-ri
Nuclear test site, North Korea
All of North Korea's six previous nuclear tests (2006-2017) were conducted at the Punggye-ri nuclear test site (also known as Hwaderi). The facility is located in the mountains north of Hamgyeong Province in the northeast of the country under Mount Mantap. At the end of April 2018, North Korea decommissioned the nuclear test site and detonated significant parts in front of gathered press on May 24, 2018, following a summit agreement with South Korean President Moon Jae-in to promote peace between the two parts of Korea...
2015
August 18, 2015 (INES 2) NPP Blayais, FRA
Overexposure of a worker beyond the legal limit.
(Costs ?)
Nuclear Power Accidents
AtomkraftwerkePlag
Blayais
In June 2015, twice in one week, over 100 people had to be evacuated from the Unit 4 building after elevated levels of radioactivity were detected.
On August 18, 2015, a worker was exposed to levels of radiation in excess of guidelines. The event was classified as an INES level 2 incident.
Wikipedia de
Blayais
In 2020, the French government announced an extension for all operating reactors by a further 10 years, from 40 to 50 years. This was approved by the French regulator in 2021...
28 May 2015 (INES 1) NPP Cattenom, FRA
Unexpected opening of a valve in the secondary system led to a steam outlet.
(Costs ?)
Nuclear Power Accidents
Wikipedia de
Cattenom
On May 28, 2015, a secondary cooling valve of reactor unit 1 became stuck in the open position and released steam into the environment. The water level in a connected steam generator fell; To avert a power excursion, the reactor block was automatically switched off...
AtomkraftwerkePlag
Cattenom
The Cattenom nuclear power plant is located in the Lorraine region north of Metz on the Moselle and is only a few kilometers from the German and Luxembourg borders. Because of the proximity to the border, the frequent breakdowns and the poor safety standards, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland and Luxembourg repeatedly call for the system to be switched off...
2014
May 17, 2014 (INES 1 Class.?) NPP Tarapur, Maharashtra, IND
Overdosage of a worker during a transfer process of an irradiated neutron detector.
(Costs ?)
Nuclear Power Accidents
AtomkraftwerkePlag
Tarapore
impoverishment, displacement and disease
The documentary filmed in 2013 "High Power" clarified in interviews the devastating effects of the Tarapur nuclear power plant on the people who have been protesting against the plant since 1999, and the ruthless actions of the Indian state power. The police drove them out of their villages and cleared their houses with bulldozers. Due to the hot cooling water, the "Many suffer from previously unknown diseases such as cancer, heart, respiratory and kidney diseases, infertility, miscarriages, high infant mortality, brain damage and disabilities."
The film, which is banned in India, is directed by Pradeep Indulkar, who worked as an engineer at an Indian nuclear research center for twelve years before becoming an anti-nuclear activist...
Wikipedia de
Tarapore
On May 9, 1983, the daily newspaper The Times of India reported that the Tarapur nuclear power plant was severely radioactively contaminated and could hardly be operated. The employees of the prestige object would be exposed to the ionizing radiation well above the officially and internationally approved guideline values ...
Wikipedia en
Nuclear power accidents by country#India
translation with https://www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)
2013
September 26, 2013 (INES 2) Research reactor Institute for Energy, Petten, NLD
Three out of six control rods showed defects, the research reactor had to be shut down for 5 months.
(Costs ?)
Nuclear Power Accidents
Wikipedia
Institute of Energy
As part of the EURATOM Treaty, the Netherlands and the then EURATOM Commission concluded the contract in 1961 to establish the European Research Center, which opened in Petten in 1962. It took over the high-flux reactor for materials research that had gone into operation the year before and is now used primarily for the production of medical isotopes...
AtomkraftwerkePlag
Netherlands
In 2020, the Rutte government had a nuclear-friendly study carried out by the consulting firm Enco, which was founded in 1994 by former members of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). This came to the conclusion that nuclear power represents a cost-effective energy source for the goal of CO2 reduction and recommended extending the life of the existing nuclear power plant and building new ones. Three to ten new power plants were under discussion...
February 12, 2013 (North Korea's 3th nuclear test) Punggye-ri, PRK
Wikipedia
North Korean nuclear weapons program
On February 12, 2013, at around 12 p.m. local time (4 a.m. CET), earthquake monitoring stations in several countries registered an artificially caused earthquake of magnitude 4,9 to 5,2 in North Korea. The hypocenter was about a kilometer below the earth's surface in the Kilchu region in the northeast of the country, where the Punggye-ri nuclear weapons test site is located. The state news agency KCNA had previously announced a “high-intensity operation”. After the earthquake, KCNA announced an underground test of a lightweight, miniaturized nuclear weapon - but of greater power than before. The explosive power was estimated by South Korea to be 6 to 7 kilotons of TNT equivalent, which is about half the explosive power of the Hiroshima atomic bomb. German experts from the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) estimated the explosive force at 40 kilotons...
UN sanctions and consequences
As a consequence of this nuclear weapons test, the UN Security Council unanimously decided on March 7, 2013 to tighten sanctions against North Korea...
Punggye-ri (Proving Grounds)
List of nuclear weapons tests
Atomwaffen A - Z
North Korea
“De facto” nuclear weapons state | “De Facto” Nuclear Weapon State
North Korea signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in 1985 after US intelligence discovered a classified reactor capable of producing plutonium. The North Korean government refused until 1992 to allow full control by the Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). During subsequent inspections, the IAEA found that there was a discrepancy between North Korea's reported amount of reprocessed plutonium and its own measurements. The IAEA suspected more plutonium was being reprocessed for a nuclear weapons program, totaling over 20 kilograms - enough for three small warheads. Tensions between the US and North Korea over nuclear weapons led to a crisis in the spring of 1994 that nearly culminated in war...
Punggye-ri
Nuclear test site, North Korea
All of North Korea's six previous nuclear tests (2006-2017) were conducted at the Punggye-ri nuclear test site (also known as Hwaderi). The facility is located in the mountains north of Hamgyeong Province in the northeast of the country under Mount Mantap. At the end of April 2018, North Korea decommissioned the nuclear test site and detonated significant parts in front of gathered press on May 24, 2018, following a summit agreement with South Korean President Moon Jae-in to promote peace between the two parts of Korea...
2012
January 18, 2012 (INES 2) NPP Cattenom, FRA
Wikipedia de
Cattenom
A missing component did not prevent the backflow in the cooling lines of the storage pool of the fuel elements of units 2 and 3. The storage pool could have become empty in an uncontrolled manner. Due to a malfunction, the cooling water feed line of the spent fuel pool could suck in water from the pool instead of feeding water in regularly, which would slowly empty it and lead to larger releases of radioactivity. There is usually a device to interrupt this suction process. In Cattenom it was discovered in January that this had never been installed in blocks 2 and 3. If the pool had been emptied there, the last countermeasure would have been to pump in external water, for example from the river, using tank fire engines and hose connections...
AtomkraftwerkePlag
Cattenom
In July 2012, the French Nuclear Regulatory Authority (ASN) required the operator Électricité de France (EDF) to replace motor pumps for supplying water to the decay tanks because they were not robust enough in the event of fuel overheating. This affects nuclear power plants Cattenom, Belleville, Flamanville, Paluel and St. Alban...
2011
April 28, 2011 (INES Class.?) NPP Asco, ESP
Wikipedia de
Ascó Nuclear Power Plant
incidents
[...] On May 1, 2011 it became known that 28 liters of radioactive water had already escaped from the cooling circuit of reactor I on April 2011, 25.000. According to eyewitness reports, the water was ankle deep in the reactor building. 14 employees had to be decontaminated. The operator Endesa reported that the contamination could only be detected on the shoes and protective clothing. The employees' skin did not come into contact with the water.
AtomkraftwerkePlag
Ascó (Spain)
In October 2021, the Spanish government approved an extension of the operating license for Ascó-1 and -2 until 2030 and 2031, respectively.
Escape of radioactive water
In April 2011, 25.000 liters of radioactive water leaked from the cooling circuit and 14 workers had to be decontaminated. The Spanish environmental protection organization Ecologistas en Acción called for clarification and the withdrawal of the operating license for the nuclear power plant.
March 18, 2011 (INES 2) NPP Doel, BEL
AtomkraftwerkePlag
Doel_(Belgium)
Cracks and other breakdowns
On March 18, 2011, damage to a water pump was discovered and repaired in Doel-4, an incident rated as an INES level 2 incident...
Sabotage
In August 2014, Doel-4 was shut down due to sabotage. A steam turbine in the non-nuclear portion of the unit overheated and automatically shut down after one or more people leaked approximately 65.000 liters of turbine oil. The public prosecutor's office initiated an investigation.
In October 2014 it was discovered that a "jihadist known to the police had worked as a security technician in the high-security area of this nuclear power plant for around three years until November 2012." In December 2014, suspicions emerged that the incident in August 2014 could have been an act of terrorism. 30 employees, who were mainly employed by subcontractors and were working in the engine room at the time, have not been allowed to enter the company premises since the beginning of January 2015...
Wikipedia de
Nuclear Power Plant_Doel
On March 18, 2011, damage to Unit 4's water pump was discovered...
Wikipedia en
Nuclear power accidents by country#Belgium
translation with https://www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)
March 14 and 15, 2011 (INES 7 | NAMS 7,5) NPP Fukushima I Daiichi, JPN
On March 12, 2011, reactor unit 1 exploded,
on March 14, 2011, reactor unit 3 exploded and
on March 15, 2011, reactor unit 2 of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant exploded.
Each of these three reactor explosions on three different days met the criteria for classification as an INES 7 catastrophic accident.
March 14, 2011 (INES ? Class.?) NPP Pickering, On, CAN
AtomkraftwerkePlag
Pickering_(Canada)
The grassroots organization Sierra Club Canada protested against the lifetime extension in 2013 and called for the nuclear power plant to be shut down immediately due to aging, increasing radiation and increasing release of tritium. In June 2010, for example, unexpected beta-gamma radiation from reactors 5 to 8 was released into the water.
On March 14, 2011, 73.000 liters of water, slightly contaminated with tritium, flowed into Lake Ontario because of a sealing problem at a pump. The operator and supervisory authority described the risks as "negligible".
In January 2012, contaminated water leaked from the "broken" Reactor 4 due to a leak, according to the Sierra Club...
Wikipedia de
Pickering Incidents
On March 14, 2011, 73 cubic meters of demineralized water leaked into Lake Ontario due to a defective pump seal...
Nuclear power accidents by country#Canada
Page No. 8 - Safety Issues at the Pickering 'A' Nuclear Generating Station, from 1983 to 1997.
Ontario's Nuclear Generating Facilities - English - PDF file
translation with https://www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)
March 12, 2011 (INES 7 | NAMS 7,5) NPP Fukushima I Daiichi, JPN
On March 12, 2011, reactor unit 1 exploded,
on March 14, 2011, reactor unit 3 exploded and
on March 15, 2011, reactor unit 2 of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant exploded.
Each of these three reactor explosions on three different days met the criteria for classification as an INES 7 catastrophic accident.
March 12, 2011 (INES 3) NPP Fukushima II Daini, JPN
Wikipedia de
Chronology_of_the_disaster_in_Japan_of_2011
Due to the great Tōhoku earthquake on March 11, 2011 and the subsequent tsunami, all four reactor blocks at the Fukushima-Daini nuclear power plant (Fukushima 2) were shut down automatically.
On March 12, 2011, the temperature in the condensation chambers of units 1, 2 and 4 rose to over 100 ° C and the pressure relief systems stopped functioning. An evacuation zone of 10 kilometers radius was ordered for Fukushima II. The evacuation area of Fukushima II was therefore almost entirely within the 20 km evacuation zone for Fukushima I Daiichi. The temperature in the 3 reactors only fell below 15°C again on March 100th.
On April 18, 2011, the Japanese Nuclear Regulatory Agency (NISA) assessed the events at Fukushima-Daini as INES Level 3.
Wikipedia en
Nuclear power accidents by country#Japan
translation with https://www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)
AtomkraftwerkePlag
Fukushima_Daini_(Japan)
The plant is also called Fukushima II and is located approximately 12 kilometers south of the damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant...
March 11, 2011 (INES 7 | NAMS 7,5) NPP Fukushima I Daiichi, JPN
There were about 1,59 million TBq Radioactivity released. An earthquake and a tsunami caused the emergency generators in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant to fail, causing the reactors to crack and fires and nuclear meltdowns to occur.
(Cost approx. US$260.000 million)
Nuclear Power Accidents
Wikipedia de
Chronology_of_the_disaster_in_Japan_of_2011
Due to damage to the power supply and cooling system caused by the Great Tōhoku earthquake of March 11, 2011 and the subsequent tsunami, as well as missing cables for mobile power generators, the Fukushima-Daiichi NPP (Fukushima 1) suffered three out of six failures Reactor blocks lead to overheating of the reactor core.
There were several explosions:
In unit 1 on March 12th,
in unit 3 on March 14th and
in unit 2 on March 15th,
in which the outer building shells were destroyed and radioactive material was released. In addition, on March 15, a fire broke out in reactor block 4. The reactor cores of Units 1 and 3 were flooded with seawater and boric acid for makeshift cooling and to protect against radioactive radiation. The Japanese government ordered evacuation measures with a radius of 20 km, which have affected around 80.000 people so far.
On March 18, 2011, the events in units 1 to 3 were provisionally assigned to INES 5 level by the Japan Nuclear Regulatory Agency (NISA).
On April 12, 2011, the Japanese Nuclear Regulatory Agency (NISA) placed Fukushima-Daiichi on a par with the Chernobyl disaster (INES 7)...
Wikipedia en
List of nuclear power accidents by country
translation with https://www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)
AtomkraftwerkePlag
The Fukushima disaster
End of the myth of safe nuclear power
The Fukushima disaster in March 2011 was the third disaster to occur after Mayak and Chernobyl. Entire areas of Japan were radioactively contaminated. To date, the Japanese government and the operator TEPCO do not have the situation under control. The destroyed reactors cannot be entered, and radioactive water contaminates groundwater and the Pacific Ocean.
This must be kept in mind in order to be able to assess the degree of irresponsibility of the Japanese government in its decision to bring nuclear power plants that were shut down after the GAU back online despite the resistance of the population.
February 16, 2011 (INES 2) NPP Tricastin, Pierrelatte, FRA
The failure of the emergency diesel generator was discovered during one of the regular tests.
(Costs ?)
Nuclear Power Accidents
Wikipedia de
Nuclear Power Plant_Tricastin
On February 16, 2011, it was found that in more than half of the emergency diesel generators in units 3 and 4, some individual parts that were replaced two years previously could fail prematurely if the diesel ran for a slightly longer period of time. During a test in another nuclear power plant, these quality defects proved to be the cause of total diesel failure. If the external power grid and the reserve grid failed (emergency power situation), the power supply for Tricastin 3/4 to dissipate the decay heat in the reactor core would not have been secured; in the worst case, it could have led to a core meltdown in both blocks...
AtomkraftwerkePlag
Tricastin_(France)
Old reactors on the Rhône from 1980/81
The Tricastin site has made headlines time and time again for a long list of mishaps and incidents, most notably in 2008.
The facility is located in the southern French department of Drôme on the Canal de Donzère-Mondragon next to the Rhône, south of Montélimar and north of Orange and Avignon. In Tricastin, four pressurized water reactors with an output of 955 MW each, which went into operation in 1980 and 1981, generate electricity. The facility is owned and operated by the French company Électricité de France (EDF). Manufacturer was Framatome (today AREVA).
In 2011, the French Institute for Nuclear Safety (IRSN) criticized the operators for not having given enough consideration to the fact that there are dangerous factories in the vicinity of the French nuclear power plants Gravelines, Saint-Alban and Tricastin, in which chemicals are produced, for example.
On February 11, 2015, the French nuclear regulator ASN approved an extension of the operating time for the Tricastin-2 reactor by another ten years, as well as on June 9, 2015 for Tricastin-3...
2010
February 1, 2010 (INES ? Class.?) NPP Vermont Yankee, USA
Tritium and cesium had escaped from the nuclear power plant; these leaks and the associated costs eventually led to the shutdown of the plant.
(Cost approx. US$821 million)
Nuclear Power Accidents
Wikipedia de
Nuclear Power Plant_Vermont_Yankee
In February 2010, traces of 137Cs were found on the nuclear power plant site at levels three to XNUMX times higher, according to the Vermont government, than would be expected from the impact of nuclear weapons testing and the Chernobyl disaster. The operator Entergy then announced that it would remove the soil and dispose of it as nuclear waste.
On August 27, 2013, despite the extended license, the owner Entergy announced that the nuclear power plant would be shut down in 2014 because continued operation was no longer economically viable. The reason for the Senate decision was a tritium leak into the underground of the plant...
Wikipedia en
Nuclear power accidents by country#United_States
translation with https://www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)
AtomkraftwerkePlag
Vermont_Yankee_(USA)
In 2010 it emerged that radioactive water containing tritium had leaked into the groundwater. The operator incurred costs of $821 million. In addition, cesium-137 was detected on the site. As a result of soil contamination, the state of Vermont decided to phase out nuclear power that same year and shut down Vermont Yankee...
Spiegel
US nuclear power plant - radioactive substances contaminate soil
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2019-2010 | 2009-2000 | 1999-1990 | 1989-1980 | 1979-1970 | 1969-1960 | 1959-1950 | 1949-1940 | Before
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